Martin Luther launches Protestantism in the sixteenth century on a foundation of five “solas” – the Latin word meaning “alone.” One of these is “sola-Scriptura,” which deals directly with authority. That topic will be covered at a later time. The other four “solas” are related to a Protestant understanding of salvation. Simply stated, the Protestant … Continue reading Martin Luther and the Four Salvation “Solas”
Author: cindykcox
The Image of the Father and Penal Substitution Theology
I began this series on the atonement with a question about whether or not the crucifixion of Christ was God’s active will, or His permitted will. The Cathechism provides the answer from the Catholic perspective: CCC600 To God, all moments of time are present in their immediacy. When therefore he establishes his eternal plan of … Continue reading The Image of the Father and Penal Substitution Theology
God Forsaken – Christ on the Cross
One of the most moving moments in the narrative of Christ’s passion is his cry from the cross to His Father, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34). The understanding of this passage is another area where Protestant and Catholic theology will in general diverge. Protestant Reformed minister RC … Continue reading God Forsaken – Christ on the Cross
God-Forsaken – Christ in the Garden
My favorite mystery of the rosary has always been The Agony in the Garden. It returns me to those Holy Thursday evenings of my youth. After the celebration of the Holy Thursday liturgy we would return to the church between the hours of nine and midnight to “watch one hour with me.” (Matthew 26:40, Mark … Continue reading God-Forsaken – Christ in the Garden
God-Forsaken – Christ at the Last Supper
One of the more prominent arguments used to support penal substitution atonement theology is the cry of Jesus from the cross, “My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46, Mark 15:34). The view is that because God is punishing Jesus for our sins, and he “became” sin for us, God turns his back … Continue reading God-Forsaken – Christ at the Last Supper
Penal Substitution Theology and God’s Need
In my last post I began to identify the problems from a Catholic perspective with the Protestant concept of Christ’s passion as being one of “penal substitution” – the concept that on the cross Christ is being punished by God for our sins. I will continue with that over the next several posts. Consider some … Continue reading Penal Substitution Theology and God’s Need
An overview of Protestant Penal Substitution Theology
With the advent of Protestantism in the sixteenth century, the understanding of the atonement undergoes a significant change in thinking. This theology is generally referred to as “penal substitution.” As with the Catholic understanding, in this view Christ is our substitute. The foundational difference is in the way he is standing in our place. As … Continue reading An overview of Protestant Penal Substitution Theology
God’s Justice versus God’s Mercy
Is this six minute clip from Bishop Barron, he speaks to why the cross of Jesus was necessary. I will summarize and expand on some of his points in this post, but I will not do justice to what he says, so if you have a few minutes it’s well worth the time. https://www.wordonfire.org/resources/video/why-was-the-cross-necessary-faith-seeks-understanding/122/ Bishop … Continue reading God’s Justice versus God’s Mercy
The Atonement as Satisfaction
In the eleventh century St. Anselm, who was the Archbishop of Canterbury wrote “Cur Deus Homo,” which translated is “Why God Became Man.” In this work, he directly took on the idea that there was no true justice in the idea that God had to pay Satan a ransom to redeem His creation. His focus … Continue reading The Atonement as Satisfaction
The Atonement as Christus Victor
Another dominant view of the atonement from the early Church is Christus Victor. This view focuses on the victory Christ won on the cross over the powers that hold mankind in bondage – sin, death, and Satan. Adam and Eve by their disobedience placed humanity under this bondage. Unlike the ransom view of atonement which … Continue reading The Atonement as Christus Victor
The Atonement as Ransom
In my last post I referred to a common saying that “Jesus paid a debt he did not owe, because I owed a debt I could not pay.” Sacred Scripture does support the idea that Christ is paying a “debt” with his sacrifice as we read in Colossians 2:13-14 - “And you, who were dead … Continue reading The Atonement as Ransom
An Overview of the Atonement/God’s Active or Permitted Will?
Scripture tells us three times in the Garden of Gethsemane Christ prayed to the Father to allow the cup of his passion to pass from him; that he would not have to drink it. And all three times he also prayed that not his will, but the Father’s will be done. It becomes a model … Continue reading An Overview of the Atonement/God’s Active or Permitted Will?
Mortal and Venial Sins Part 3
A couple of posts back I quoted a view that the concept of a difference between mortal and venial sins isn’t Biblical. We’ll now turn to the most explicit passage of Scripture that specifically says, yes it is. We already reviewed this passage in the context of whether a person can lose their salvation where … Continue reading Mortal and Venial Sins Part 3
Mortal and Venial Sins Part 2
To resolve the question as to whether some sins are greater than others, we simply have to look to the words of Christ. When standing before Pilate to be condemned to death, Pilate asks Jesus, “You will not speak to me? Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to … Continue reading Mortal and Venial Sins Part 2
Mortal and Venial Sins Part 1
Closely related to our understanding that a person who was once a member of the body of Christ can be severed and “lose” their salvation is an understanding of whether certain sins will result in this separation. For all of those Christian groups who do not profess a doctrine of Once-Saved, Always Saved or in … Continue reading Mortal and Venial Sins Part 1
Presumption versus Despair
The Catholic teaching about “presumption” is one that some Christian groups can find offensive. It can be seen as an affront to how they view Christ’s finished work on the cross. We will explore that concept more as we delve deeper into our understanding of salvation and how it may differ from some. But for … Continue reading Presumption versus Despair
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 6
In his writings in Sacred Scripture, St. Paul affirms many of the things we’ve already seen regarding our salvation –faithfulness to Christ is not optional, we must remain in him, and we must persevere to the end. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-2, St. Paul writes “Now I would remind you, brethren, in what terms I preached … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 6
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 5
The Bible includes many passages that indicate an individual can lose their salvation. We’ve looked at what Christ has to say. Before we move on to St. Paul, I’d like to look at some of the other New Testament passages that speak to this topic. In the book of Acts we read “When they had … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 5
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 4
Over the next several posts we’ll look at the places in Scripture that indicate you can at one time be a member of the body of Christ and then lose that position, your salvation. We’ll start by looking at some things Jesus himself says. In Luke 8:4-15 Jesus tells the parable of the sower, and … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 4
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 3
There are other places in Sacred Scripture that those who believe in a doctrine of Eternal Security will point to in support of their understanding. One is John 5:24 where Jesus says “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears my word and believes him who sent me, has eternal life; he does not … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 3
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 2
When a Catholic engages in conversation with another Christian who believes in the doctrine of Eternal Security, one of the more common questions we may be asked is, “Do you know you are saved? The Bible says you can know that you have eternal life. Do you know you have eternal life?” The underlying premise … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 2
Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 1
The “P” in Calvin’s TULIP acronym stands for the “Perseverance of the Saints.” In Calvin’s view since God is sovereign and His will cannot be frustrated, those who are predestined to salvation will receive the grace to persist in faith to the end. Calvin is the first to promote this doctrine and it is a … Continue reading Once-Saved, Always-Saved Part 1
Irresistible Grace
The “I” in Calvin’s TULIP acronym stands for “Irresistible Grace.” Since Calvin believed the elect chosen by God for salvation did not possess the free will needed to respond, the grace that God gives to those elect is “irresistible,” which also means they do not possess the free will to resist. The saving grace of … Continue reading Irresistible Grace
Limited Atonement
The “L” in Calvin’s TULIP acronym stands for “Limited Atonement.” This believe asserts that only the sins of the “elect” were atoned for by the death of Christ. The reasoning used is that the blood of Christ was sufficient to pay for the sins of every single human being IF it had been God’s intention … Continue reading Limited Atonement
Unconditional Election
The “U” in Calvin’s TULIP acronym stands for “Unconditional Election.” This belief asserts that God has chosen from eternity those whom He will save and it has absolutely nothing to do with personal virtue, merit, or even personal faith but simply based on His desire and mercy. Those he chooses will be given the gift … Continue reading Unconditional Election
